Competitive swimming in Europe started around 1800, mostly using the breaststroke. There are four main strokes used in competition and recreation swimming: the front crawl, also known as freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke and butterfly. It is not necessary to use a defined stroke for propulsion through the water, and untrained swimmers may use a ' doggy paddle' of arm and leg movements, similar to the way four-legged animals swim. Swimming can be undertaken using a wide range of styles, known as 'strokes,' and these strokes are used for different purposes, or to distinguish between classes in competitive swimming. Squatting helps in enhancing a swimmer's start by warming up the thigh muscles. Just before plunging into the pool, swimmers may perform exercises such as squatting. Efficient swimming by reducing water resistance involves a horizontal water position, rolling the body to reduce the breadth of the body in the water, and extending the arms as far as possible to reduce wave resistance. To be more hydrodynamically effective, swimmers can either increase the power of their strokes or reduce water resistance, though power must increase by a factor of three to achieve the same effect as reducing resistance. Hydrodynamics is important to stroke technique for swimming faster, and swimmers who want to swim faster or exhaust less try to reduce the drag of the body's motion through the water. Swimming strokes use this resistance to create propulsion, but this same resistance also generates drag on the body. The density and viscosity of water also create resistance for objects moving through the water. As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running. Since the human body is less dense than water, water is able to support the weight of the body during swimming. Human males tend to have a lower centre of gravity and higher muscle content, therefore find it more difficult to float or be buoyant. Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy. However, buoyancy varies on the basis of body composition, lung inflation, muscle and fat content, centre of gravity and the salinity of the water. On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float. Swimming relies on the nearly neutral buoyancy of the human body. Swimmers perform squats prior to entering the pool in a U.S. In addition to this, a variety of equipment can be used to enhance the swimming experience or performance, including, but not limited to the use of swimming goggles, floatation devices, swim fins, and snorkels. While some people elect to be nude, oftentimes swimmers either wear their day attire (which can be impractical or outright dangerous), or wear specialized swimwear.
To minimize these risks, most facilities employ a lifeguard to look for signs of distress. Other dangers include getting an infection or contact with hostile aquatic fauna. Swimmers are at risk of incapacitation due to panic and exhaustion, which may cause death due to drowning.
There are various risks present during swimming, mainly due to it taking place in water. While the front crawl is widely regarded as the fastest out of four primary strokes, other strokes are practiced for special purposes, such as for training. Swimming involves repeated motions known as strokes in order to propel the body forward. As a formalized sport, swimming is featured in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern Summer Olympics. Swimming is consistently among the top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum. Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as a survival response. Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs and the body to achieve hydrodynamic thrust which results in directional motion. Swimming is the self- propulsion of a person through water, or other liquid, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.
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